The Government of India has constituted a High-Level Committee on Demographic Change to examine population shifts arising from illegal immigration and other abnormal factors. The committee will study long-term demographic trends and suggest policy, legal, and administrative solutions. The move follows the announcement of the “High-powered Demography Mission” by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 August 2025, which was later approved by the Union Cabinet on 11 September 2025.
Objective of the High-Level Committee on Demographic Change
The primary objective of the High-Level Committee on Demographic Change is to scientifically assess demographic changes across India caused by illegal immigration and related abnormal factors. The panel will identify patterns of population shift and examine their impact on social, economic, and national security dimensions.
The committee will also analyze whether such demographic changes are consistent with broader population trends or indicate irregular migration patterns.
Committee Composition and Leadership
The High-Level Committee on Demographic Change will be chaired by Justice Prakash Prabhakar Navlekar (Retired). Other members include the Census Commissioner and three eminent experts: Shri Durga Shankar Mishra (Retired IAS), Shri Balaji Srivastava (Retired IPS), and Dr. Shamika Ravi.
The Joint Secretary (Foreigners-I), Ministry of Home Affairs, will serve as the Member Secretary of the committee.
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Union Home Minister Amit Shah stated that the committee has been formed to address challenges linked to illegal infiltration and resulting demographic shifts in the country.
Key Terms of Reference
The High-Level Committee on Demographic Change has been assigned a wide-ranging mandate, including:
- Studying challenges arising from demographic changes due to illegal immigration
- Identifying causes such as cross-border movement, economic factors, and environmental pressures
- Examining abnormal settlement patterns and structural population shifts
- Analyzing deviations in demographic distribution across communities
- Recommending mechanisms for detection, detention, and deportation of illegal immigrants
- Suggesting stronger border management and population monitoring systems
- Improving coordination between Central and State governments on immigration issues
Focus on Illegal Immigration and Demographic Stability
A major focus of the High-Level Committee on Demographic Change is to evaluate the impact of illegal immigration on demographic balance and national systems. The committee will also assess long-term risks associated with unmanaged migration flows and recommend corrective measures.
The panel aims to develop a structured framework to ensure demographic stability through improved surveillance, policy enforcement, and institutional coordination.
Report Timeline and Expected Outcomes
The committee will submit its report within one year. However, the Ministry of Home Affairs may extend the tenure by up to six months if required.
The government expects the High-Level Committee on Demographic Change to provide a comprehensive roadmap for managing demographic shifts and strengthening national policy responses to illegal immigration and related challenges.